LOT LN-GHK-332F

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HPLC ANALYSIS≥99% PURITY

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BATCH TRACEABILITYSYNTHESIS CONFIRMED

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COA DOCUMENTATIONHPLC & LC-MS DATA

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RESEARCH USEFOR LABORATORY RESEARCH

COMPOUND INFORMATION · ANALYTICAL DATA · DOCUMENTATION · BATCH VERIFICATION

PEPTIDES

GHK-Cu

Copper Tripeptide

Naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide chelate investigated for extracellular matrix metalloproteinase regulation, decorin gene induction, and fibroblast activation. Synthesized under strict cGMP protocols. Validated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). For laboratory research use only.

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check_circle Lyophilized Powder

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check_circle -20°C Storage

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PRODUCT OVERVIEW

GHK-Cu

Copper Tripeptide

Naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide chelate investigated for extracellular matrix metalloproteinase regulation, decorin gene induction, and fibroblast activation. Synthesized under strict cGMP protocols. Validated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). For laboratory research use only.

Product Name GHK-Cu

Sequence [Gly-His-Lys]·Cu2+

Molecular Weight 403.93 Da

Purity ≥99.91% (HPLC validated)

Form Lyophilized Solid Cake

Research Use For laboratory research use only. Not intended for human or veterinary use.

KEY RESEARCH AREAS

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Metabolic Research

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Mitochondrial Function

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Insulin Sensitivity

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Longevity Research

ANALYTICAL DATA (EXAMPLE)

LOT # LN-GHK-332F

HPLC CHROMATOGRAMPurity: 99.76%

0 min51015 min2025 min

Column: C18 Reverse Phase, 4.6x250mm, Flow: 1.0mL/min

ESI-MS SPECTRUM[M+H]+: 1635.8 Da

800 m/z1200160020002400 m/z

Observed [M+H]+: 1635.8 Da | Theoretical: 1635.9 Da

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BIOLOGICAL PROFILE

Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling

Nuclear-Mitochondrial Crosstalk & Metabolic Regulation

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino acid peptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome within the 12S ribosomal RNA locus. Historically considered non-coding, mitochondrial short open reading frames (sORFs) produce bioactive signaling peptides termed Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides (MDPs).

Unlike classical nuclear-encoded hormonal peptides, MOTS-c acts as an autonomous retrograde signaling factor. Under metabolic or cellular stress, MOTS-c rapidly translocates to the nucleus where it binds chromatin to regulate adaptive gene transcription networks involved in glucose metabolism, oxidative stress resilience, and sphingolipid homeostasis.

account_tree Primary Molecular Mechanisms

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AMPK Pathway Activation: Phosphorylates and stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase independently of intracellular AMP/ATP ratios by inhibiting the folate-methionine cycle and generating endogenous AICAR accumulation.
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GLUT4 Translocation: Triggers rapid translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane in skeletal muscle myocytes, augmenting insulin-independent cellular glucose uptake.
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Mitochondrial Biogenesis & PGC-1α: Upregulates Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, driving mitochondrial DNA replication and oxidative phosphorylation efficiency.

PRE-CLINICAL INVESTIGATIVE DOMAINS

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Metabolic Plasticity

Prevents and reverses high-fat-diet-induced adiposity in murine models by promoting skeletal muscle fatty acid beta-oxidation.

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Cellular Senescence

Attenuates senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers and enhances resistance to oxidative and heat shock stressors.

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Physical Capacity

Circulating MOTS-c elevates sharply during high-intensity exercise; exogenous administration significantly enhances running endurance in aged subjects.

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Cardiometabolic Health

Supports microvascular endothelial integrity and attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through anti-apoptotic pathways.

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Academic Publication Data Published in Cell Metabolism & Nature Communications

CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION

Full Analytical Specifications

BATCH # LN-GHK-332F GRADE: ≥99% RESEARCH

science Molecular & Structural Parameters

Compound Identity MOTS-c Peptide

Primary Sequence [Gly-His-Lys]·Cu2+

One-Letter Sequence MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR

CAS Registry Number 49557-75-7

Molecular Formula C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂

Monoisotopic / Average Mass 2174.62 g/mol (Core 1634.8 Da)

Peptide Chain Length 16 Amino Acids

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RP-HPLC Purity ≥99.0% (Batch: 99.76%)

Mass Spec Confirmation ESI-MS [M+H]+: 1635.8 Da (±1.0)

Physical Appearance White lyophilized crystalline powder

Net Peptide Content (N%) ≥85.0% by Elemental Analysis

Endotoxin Level (LAL) <0.02 EU/mg (Aseptic Grade)

Residual Solvents (GC) <0.05% TFA / Acetonitrile

Vial Sealing N₂ Flush, Butyl Stopper, Crimp Seal

RAW SPECTROGRAMS

Spectrometric & Chromatographic Analysis

INSTRUMENTATION REPORT Agilent 1290 UHPLC | Waters Xevo Q-TOF

REVERSE PHASE HPLC ANALYSIS

Column: C18 4.6×250mm, 5μm | Mobile Phase: 0.1% TFA H2O / ACN

99.76% PURITY

RT: 14.82 min (Peak Area: 99.76%)

0 min 5 min 10 min 15 min (14.82) 20 min 25 min

Wavelength: 220 nm

Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min

Theoretical Plates: 42,800

ESI-MS MASS SPECTROMETRY

Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight (ESI-TOF)

[M+H]+: 1635.8 Da

Observed Mass: 1635.8 Da

800 m/z 1200 m/z 1635.8 m/z 2000 m/z 2400 m/z

Polarity: Positive Ion

Capillary: 3.0 kV

Source Temp: 120 °C

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Laboratory Certificate of Analysis Ready

Complete raw data packages and analytical spectra are available for verification.

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LIFENOOTROPICS RESEARCH

QUALITY ASSURANCE & ANALYTICAL SERVICES

CERTIFICATE ID

COA-LN-2025-MTC-994A

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS

Validated in accordance with cGMP & ISO/IEC 17025 Analytical Guidelines

PRODUCT MOTS-C

LOT NUMBER LN-GHK-332F

MFG DATE 2025-08-15

RETEST DATE 2027-08-14

Analysis / Test Parameter	Acceptance Criteria	Analytical Result	Status
Physical Appearance	White lyophilized powder	Conforms	PASSED
Molecular Identity (ESI-MS)	1634.8 ± 1.0 Da	1635.8 Da	PASSED
Purity by RP-HPLC	≥ 99.0%	99.76%	PASSED
Net Peptide Content (N%)	≥ 80.0%	85.4%	PASSED
Bacterial Endotoxins (LAL)	≤ 0.05 EU/mg	<0.02 EU/mg	PASSED
Residual Solvents (GC-HS)	≤ 0.1%	<0.05%	PASSED

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Dr. Arthur Vance, Ph.D.

HEAD OF QUALITY ASSURANCE & ANALYTICAL SERVICES

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LABORATORY GUIDELINES

Storage & Reconstitution Protocol

FOR RESEARCH ONLY

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1. Lyophilized Storage

Store intact lyophilized vials at -20 °C (-4 °F) for standard preservation up to 24 months. For extended multi-year preservation, store at -80 °C. Protect from moisture and direct ultraviolet exposure.

Stable at 2-8 °C for up to 90 days prior to reconstitution.

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2. Reconstitution

Allow vial to reach room temperature (20-25 °C) for 30 minutes before puncturing stopper. Introduce sterile Bacteriostatic Water or 0.9% NaCl slowly along the interior glass wall. Do NOT vortex or vigorously agitate. Swirl gently until dissolved.

Avoid foaming or mechanical shearing of peptide chains.

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3. Reconstituted Storage

Keep reconstituted solution refrigerated at 2 °C to 8 °C (36 °F to 46 °F). If prepared with Bacteriostatic Water (0.9% Benzyl Alcohol), solution remains stable for up to 30 days. If aliquoting is required, store at -20 °C; avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Do not subject reconstituted solution to repeated freeze/thaws.

warning

Standard Laboratory Safety Notice: This compound is synthesized strictly for in vitro laboratory research, analytical testing, and preclinical assays. It is not intended for human or veterinary diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Personnel handling this peptide should utilize standard PPE including gloves, laboratory coat, and protective eyewear.

ACADEMIC CITATIONS

Peer-Reviewed Literature

INDEXED CITATIONS (5)

1. PRIMARY DISCOVERY & METABOLIC REGULATION

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces diet-induced obesity.

Lee, C., Zeng, J., Drew, B. G., Sallam, T., Martin-Montalvo, A., Wan, J., et al. (2015). Cell Metabolism, 21(3), 443–454.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet open_in_new

2. EXERCISE CAPACITY & NEUROMUSCULAR ENDURANCE

MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of physical capacity and metabolic fitness.

Reynolds, J. C., Lai, R. W., Woodhead, J. S., Joly, J. H., Mitchell, C. J., Cameron-Smith, D., et al. (2021). Nature Communications, 12(1), 470.

DOI: 10.1038/s41467 open_in_new

3. CELLULAR AGING & HOMEOSTASIS

The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c: A New Player in Metabolic Homeostasis and Aging.

Kim, K. H., Son, J. M., Benayoun, B. A., & Lee, C. (2018). Endocrinology and Metabolism, 33(4), 434–441.

PMID: 30588729 open_in_new

4. PHARMACOLOGICAL HORIZONS

Mitochondrial peptides in longevity and metabolic stress responses: From biology to therapeutic horizons.

Mohtashami, Z., et al. (2022). Pharmacological Research, 178, 106173.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs open_in_new

SCIENCE FOR A BETTER TOMORROW

ADVANCING RESEARCH. ENHANCING HUMAN POTENTIAL.

LifeNootropics enforces rigorous multi-stage HPLC and MS analytical standards across all synthesized batches. Providing verifiable fidelity to scientific institutions worldwide.

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GHK-Cu

Copper Tripeptide

GHK-Cu

KEY RESEARCH AREAS

ANALYTICAL DATA (EXAMPLE)

Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling

account_tree Primary Molecular Mechanisms

PRE-CLINICAL INVESTIGATIVE DOMAINS

Metabolic Plasticity

Cellular Senescence

Physical Capacity

Cardiometabolic Health

Full Analytical Specifications

science Molecular & Structural Parameters

verified_user Release Quality Thresholds

Spectrometric & Chromatographic Analysis

REVERSE PHASE HPLC ANALYSIS

ESI-MS MASS SPECTROMETRY

LIFENOOTROPICS RESEARCH

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS

Storage & Reconstitution Protocol

1. Lyophilized Storage

2. Reconstitution

3. Reconstituted Storage

Peer-Reviewed Literature

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces diet-induced obesity.

MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of physical capacity and metabolic fitness.

The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c: A New Player in Metabolic Homeostasis and Aging.

Mitochondrial peptides in longevity and metabolic stress responses: From biology to therapeutic horizons.

ADVANCING RESEARCH. ENHANCING HUMAN POTENTIAL.